![]() Recent work in the Minimalist Program has largely abandoned X-bar schemata in favor of Bare Phrase Structure approaches. ![]() X-bar theory was incorporated into both transformational and nontransformational theories of syntax, including GB, GPSG, LFG, and HPSG. 6) approach to categories, and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1977). A maximally strong version of X-bar theory would in fact narrow down the set of possible choices to one, and would thereby eliminate the need for language-specific phrase structure rules in the. X-bar theory was first proposed by Noam Chomsky (1970), building on Zellig Harris's 1951 (ch. The notation XP stands for X Phrase, and is at the equivalent level of X-bar-bar (X with a double overbar), written X″ or X, usually read aloud as X double bar. In English, however, this is still read as "X bar". Because this may be difficult to typeset, this is often written as X′, using the prime symbol or with superscript numerals as exponents, e.g., X. Certain structures are represented by X (an X with a bar over it). The term X-bar is derived from the notation representing this structure. In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation 1 that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 2 and further developed by Jackendoff (1974, 3 1977a, 4 1977b 5), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky. Thus, the X may become an N for noun, a V for verb, an A for adjective, or a P for preposition. The letter X is used to signify an arbitrary lexical category (part of speech) when analyzing a specific utterance, specific categories are assigned. It embodies two independent claims: one, that phrases may contain intermediate constituents projected from a head X and two, that this system of projected constituency may be common to more than one category (e.g., N, V, A, P, etc.). In addition, the number and allocation of categories is controversial.X-bar theory is a theory of syntactic category formation. This general conflict took place in the so-called Linguistic Wars its peak. Since the X -bar theory starts from a basic syntactic understanding that every human being is innate, it is controversial in linguistics.Įvidence for this assumption could not yet be delivered. Since the X - bar schema in principle on generated - ie allow more arguments than are actually required - it must be limited by other mechanisms again. V stands for example for the feature set. Instantiates to the above X - bar schema with concrete syntactic categories - for example, verb (V) and noun phrase (N ' ) -, we obtain the following phrase structure rules: The set notation in the rules 1 ) to 3) to clarify that the sequence of X and X ' and P " is in principle arbitrary, so the phrase header can be used both in front of his argument as a stand afterwards. Rule 3 finally allows the formation of a maximum phrase X "of the intermediate plane X ' and another argument P", which can, however, also be missing ( indicated by parentheses ). Rule 2 allows recursively more phrases P ". Rule 1 states that a phrase header X together with a further maximum phrase P " that is demanded of X, a phrase X '. ![]() The core of the X-Bar Theory, the so-called X - bar scheme may be formulated in a recursive version of the following: ![]() It is said, therefore, that the verb phrase is the maximum projection of the verbal head. We have now reviewed three simple and basic principles which regulate the assignment of -roles within a structure. In the example, the head determines " handed over " inter alia, the person and Numerusmerkmale the verb phrase. Phrase header and maximum phrase share a number of characteristics which are also called head features. In the previous example calls the phrase header (X) " handed over " the arguments directly ( P ") (here:" the Petition " ) and indirect (here:" the Minister " ) object (P ').Ī phrase that has all the required arguments is, a maximum of ( X "). This calls for further parts of a sentence, called arguments. These can be abstract in a tree structure, the so-called X - bar schema shown.įor instance, contains a verb phrase such as " handed over to the Minister the petition " a so-called phrase header - here the word " handed over ". It is a part of a linguistic theory and states that the syntactic structures of all natural languages common design principles are.Īccording to the theory there are all natural languages from phrases that are hierarchical. The X -bar theory (also: X - bar syntax) in 1977 formulated by Jackendoff based on Noam Chomsky.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |